Flagship resource · 50 states + DC
The 50-State Subrogation Statute of Limitations Database.
Property damage, bodily injury, product liability, contract and government notice deadlines, with the comparative fault rule for every jurisdiction.
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Filter by state, claim type and fault rule.
51 jurisdictions. Shortest general property damage period: 2 years, in 19 jurisdictions. Select a claim type to highlight the controlling column and sort by it.
| Fault rule | Product liability | Guide | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama AL | Contributory | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from injury for claims under the Alabama Extended Manufacturer's Liability Doctrine, negligence and wantonness (Ala. Code 6-2-38(l)); no product statute of repose; 4 years from tender for UCC warranty claims (Ala. Code 7-2-725) | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Alaska AK | Pure | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from injury (Alaska Stat. 09.10.070); the general 10-year statute of repose in Alaska Stat. 09.10.055 expressly does not apply to harm caused by a defective product; 4 years for UCC warranty claims (Alaska Stat. 45.02.725) | 3 yr | None | |
| Arizona AZ | Pure | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from injury (A.R.S. 12-542 and 12-551); the 12-year product statute of repose in A.R.S. 12-551 was held unconstitutional in Hazine v. Montgomery Elevator Co., 176 Ariz. 340 (1993); 4 years for UCC warranty claims (A.R.S. 47-2725) | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Arkansas AR | 50% bar | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years from the date of the death, injury or damage (Ark. Code 16-116-103); no product statute of repose; 4 years for UCC warranty claims (Ark. Code 4-2-725); construction claims are subject to repose of 5 years for property damage and 4 years for personal injury after substantial completion (Ark. Code 16-56-112) | 5 yr | None | |
| California CA | Pure | 3 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. 335.1) and 3 years for property damage (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. 338(c)(1)); no product statute of repose; 4 years for UCC warranty claims (Cal. Com. Code 2725); construction defect repose of 4 years for patent and 10 years for latent defects (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. 337.1 and 337.15) | 4 yr | 180 days | |
| Colorado CO | 50% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from when the injury and its cause were or should have been discovered (C.R.S. 13-80-106); 7-year repose only for new manufacturing equipment (C.R.S. 13-80-107); rebuttable presumption of no defect 10 years after first sale (C.R.S. 13-21-403(3)) | 3 yr | 182 days | |
| Connecticut CT | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 3 years from when the injury, death or property damage is first sustained or discovered (Conn. Gen. Stat. 52-577a), with a 10-year repose period measured from when the defendant last parted with possession or control of the product, subject to statutory exceptions; the Product Liability Act (Conn. Gen. Stat. 52-572m et seq.) is the exclusive remedy for product claims | 6 yr | 90 days | |
| Delaware DE | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (10 Del. C. 8119) and for damage to personal property (10 Del. C. 8107); no product statute of repose; 4 years for UCC warranty claims (6 Del. C. 2-725); 6-year construction repose from substantial completion (10 Del. C. 8127) | 3 yr | None | |
| District of Columbia DC | Contributory | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years (D.C. Code 12-301); no product statute of repose; 4 years for UCC warranty claims (D.C. Code 28:2-725); 10-year construction repose from substantial completion of an improvement to real property (D.C. Code 12-310) | 3 yr | 180 days | |
| Florida FL | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 4 years for injury to a person founded on the design, manufacture, distribution or sale of personal property (Fla. Stat. 95.11(3)(d)), but negligence counts face the 2-year period in 95.11(5)(a); 12-year statute of repose from delivery to the original purchaser, with longer periods for products with a useful life beyond 10 years (Fla. Stat. 95.031(2)(b)); construction repose cut to 7 years by SB 360 (2023) (Fla. Stat. 95.11(3)(b)) | 5 yr | 1095 days | |
| Georgia GA | 50% bar | 4 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (O.C.G.A. 9-3-33) and 4 years for property damage (O.C.G.A. 9-3-31); 10-year statute of repose from the date of first sale for use or consumption (O.C.G.A. 51-1-11(b)(2) and (c)), which does not bar claims based on the duty to warn or on willful, reckless or wanton disregard for life or property | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Hawaii HI | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from accrual (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-7); no product statute of repose. Claims tied to improvements to real property face a 10-year repose from completion (Haw. Rev. Stat. § 657-8). | 6 yr | 730 days | |
| Idaho ID | 50% bar | 3 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from accrual (Idaho Code §§ 5-219(4), 6-1403); sellers have a useful safe life defense, with a rebuttable presumption that harm occurring more than 10 years after delivery falls outside it (Idaho Code § 6-1403). | 5 yr | 180 days | |
| Illinois IL | 51% bar | 5 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (735 ILCS 5/13-202) and 5 years for property damage (735 ILCS 5/13-205); strict liability claims also face repose at the earlier of 12 years from first sale by a seller or 10 years from first sale to the initial user (735 ILCS 5/13-213). | 10 yr | 365 days | |
| Indiana IN | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from accrual and within 10 years after delivery to the initial user or consumer; a claim accruing at least 8 but less than 10 years after delivery may be filed within 2 years after accrual (Ind. Code § 34-20-3-1). | 10 yr | 180 days | |
| Iowa IA | 51% bar | 5 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (Iowa Code § 614.1(2)) and 5 years for property damage (§ 614.1(4)); a 15-year statute of repose runs from first purchase, lease or installation unless an express warranty runs longer (§ 614.1(2A)). | 10 yr | 730 days | |
| Kansas KS | 50% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from accrual (K.S.A. 60-513); the Kansas Product Liability Act's useful safe life defense carries a rebuttable presumption that harm more than 10 years after delivery falls outside it (K.S.A. 60-3303), and K.S.A. 60-513(b) sets a 10-year outer limit from the act giving rise to the claim. | 5 yr | None | |
| Kentucky KY | Pure | 2 yr | 1 yr | 1 year for personal injury (KRS 413.140(1)(a)) and 2 years for damage to personal property (KRS 413.125); KRS 411.310 presumes a product was not defective if the injury occurred more than 5 years after sale to the first consumer or more than 8 years after manufacture. | 10 yr | 90 days | |
| Louisiana LA | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years under art. 3493.11 for Louisiana Products Liability Act claims arising after July 1, 2024 (1 year for earlier claims); no product statute of repose. Damage to the product itself is pursued in redhibition rather than under the LPLA (La. R.S. 9:2800.53). | 10 yr | None | |
| Maine ME | 50% bar | 6 yr | 6 yr | 6 years (14 M.R.S. § 752); Maine has no product statute of repose. Warranty claims for property damage follow the UCC's 4-year period (11 M.R.S. § 2-725). | 6 yr | 365 days | |
| Maryland MD | Contributory | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years from accrual under the discovery rule (Md. Code, Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 5-101); Maryland has no product statute of repose. Claims tied to improvements to real property face the separate repose periods of § 5-108. | 3 yr | 365 days | |
| Massachusetts MA | 51% bar | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years for negligence and breach of warranty claims (M.G.L. c. 260, s. 2A; c. 106, s. 2-318). Massachusetts has no strict tort liability and no product statute of repose; the 6-year repose in c. 260, s. 2B covers improvements to real property only. | 6 yr | 730 days | |
| Michigan MI | 51% bar | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years (MCL 600.5805). No general product statute of repose; architects, engineers and contractors on improvements to real property have a 6-year repose with a 10-year outer limit (MCL 600.5839). | 6 yr | 120 days | |
| Minnesota MN | 51% bar | 6 yr | 6 yr | 4 years for strict liability (Minn. Stat. 541.05, subd. 2); negligence-based product claims follow the 6-year period. No product statute of repose; a useful-life defense is available (Minn. Stat. 604.03). | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Mississippi MS | Pure | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years (Miss. Code Ann. 15-1-49) for claims under the Mississippi Products Liability Act (11-1-63). No product statute of repose; the 6-year repose in 15-1-41 covers design and construction of improvements to real property. | 3 yr | 365 days | |
| Missouri MO | Pure | 5 yr | 5 yr | 5 years (Mo. Rev. Stat. 516.120), with comparative fault applied under 537.765. No product statute of repose; a 10-year repose protects designers and builders of improvements to real property (516.097). | 10 yr | None | |
| Montana MT | 51% bar | 2 yr | 3 yr | 3 years for injury (27-2-204) and 2 years for property damage (27-2-207). A 10-year statute of repose measured from first sale or lease applies to product claims accruing on or after May 4, 2023 (Mont. Code Ann. 27-1-719, enacted by 2023 SB 216). | 8 yr | None | |
| Nebraska NE | 50% bar | 4 yr | 4 yr | 4 years (Neb. Rev. Stat. 25-224(1)). Repose: 10 years from first sale or lease for Nebraska-made products; for products made elsewhere, the manufacturing state's repose period with a 10-year minimum, and if that state has none, only the 4-year limitation period (25-224(2)). | 5 yr | 365 days | |
| Nevada NV | 51% bar | 3 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for injury claims (NRS 11.190(4)(e)). Product-caused property damage is generally pleaded under the 3-year property period, though some practitioners argue for 4 years under NRS 11.190, so file inside 2 to 3 years. No product statute of repose; construction claims carry a 10-year repose from substantial completion (NRS 11.202). | 6 yr | None | |
| New Hampshire NH | 51% bar | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years with a discovery rule (RSA 508:4). No product statute of repose: the 12-year repose in RSA 507-D:2 was held unconstitutional in Heath v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. (1983). Improvements to real property carry an 8-year repose (RSA 508:4-b). | 3 yr | 60 days | |
| New Jersey NJ | 51% bar | 6 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (N.J.S.A. 2A:14-2) and 6 years for property damage (2A:14-1), with claims brought under the Product Liability Act (N.J.S.A. 2A:58C-1 et seq.). No product statute of repose; the 10-year repose in 2A:14-1.1 covers improvements to real property. | 6 yr | 90 days | |
| New Mexico NM | Pure | 4 yr | 3 yr | 3 years for personal injury and 4 years for property damage; no product statute of repose; 10-year repose for improvements to real property (NMSA 37-1-27) | 6 yr | 90 days | |
| New York NY | Pure | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years from injury (CPLR 214); toxic exposure claims accrue on discovery (CPLR 214-c); no product statute of repose | 6 yr | 90 days | |
| North Carolina NC | Contributory | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years; 12-year repose from initial purchase for claims accruing on or after October 1, 2009 (N.C. Gen. Stat. 1-46.1); 6-year repose for improvements to real property (1-50(a)(5)) | 3 yr | None | |
| North Dakota ND | 50% bar | 6 yr | 6 yr | Six years (28-01-16), but no recovery unless the injury or damage occurs within 10 years of initial purchase or 11 years of manufacture (N.D.C.C. 28-01.3-08), with an exception for recalled or known defects; 10-year repose for real property improvements (28-01-44) | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Ohio OH | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years (R.C. 2305.10(A)); 10-year repose from delivery to the first purchaser (2305.10(C)), upheld in Groch v. General Motors Corp. (2008); 10-year repose for real property improvements (2305.131) | 6 yr | None | |
| Oklahoma OK | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years (12 O.S. 95(A)(3)); no general product statute of repose; 10-year repose for real property improvements (12 O.S. 109) | 5 yr | 365 days | |
| Oregon OR | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from discovery and no later than 10 years after first purchase (ORS 30.905), subject to ORS 30.907 and 30.908 | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Pennsylvania PA | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years (42 Pa.C.S. 5524) with a discovery rule for latent injury; no product statute of repose; 12-year repose for real property improvements (5536) | 4 yr | 180 days | |
| Rhode Island RI | Pure | 10 yr | 3 yr | 3 years for personal injury and 10 years for property damage; the 10-year product repose in 9-1-13(b) was held unconstitutional in Kennedy v. Cumberland Engineering Co. (1984); 10-year repose for real property improvements (9-1-29) | 10 yr | None | |
| South Carolina SC | 51% bar | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years from discovery (S.C. Code 15-3-530, 15-3-535); no product statute of repose; 8-year repose for real property improvements (15-3-640) | 3 yr | None | |
| South Dakota SD | Slight/gross | 6 yr | 3 yr | 3 years from the date the injury, death or property damage occurred, became known or should have become known, regardless of theory (SDCL 15-2-12.2). The former products repose provision was repealed in 1985; improvements to real property carry a 10-year repose from substantial completion (SDCL 15-2A-3). | 6 yr | 180 days | |
| Tennessee TN | 50% bar | 3 yr | 1 yr | 1 year for personal injury and 3 years for property damage, but in any event within 6 years of the injury and within 10 years from the date the product was first purchased for use or consumption, or 1 year after the product's anticipated life expires, whichever is shorter (Tenn. Code Ann. 29-28-103), with exceptions for minors, asbestos and silicone implants. | 6 yr | None | |
| Texas TX | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from injury (Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code 16.003); 15-year statute of repose running from the date of sale by the defendant (16.012(b)), longer where the manufacturer expressly warranted a longer useful safe life, with a latent disease exception (16.012(d)). | 4 yr | 180 days | |
| Utah UT | 50% bar | 3 yr | 4 yr | 2 years from the time the claimant discovered, or should have discovered, both the harm and its cause (Utah Code 78B-6-706). No enforceable products repose period: Berry ex rel. Berry v. Beech Aircraft Corp. struck the former repose statute under the open courts clause. | 6 yr | 365 days | |
| Vermont VT | 51% bar | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years for personal injury, running from discovery (12 V.S.A. 512(4)), and 3 years for damage to personal property (512(5)). Vermont has no products statute of repose, and no general statute of repose for improvements to real property. | 6 yr | None | |
| Virginia VA | Contributory | 5 yr | 2 yr | 2 years for personal injury (Va. Code 8.01-243(A)) and 5 years for property damage (8.01-243(B)). No general products statute of repose; the 5-year repose for improvements to real property (8.01-250) does not protect manufacturers or suppliers of equipment, machinery or other articles installed in the structure. | 5 yr | 180 days | |
| Washington WA | Pure | 3 yr | 3 yr | 3 years from when the claimant discovered, or should have discovered, the harm and its cause (RCW 7.72.060(3)). Claims are also limited by the product's useful safe life, with a rebuttable presumption that harm caused more than 12 years after delivery falls outside it (RCW 7.72.060(1) and (2)). Claims arising from construction of improvements to real property must accrue within 6 years after substantial completion (RCW 4.16.310). | 6 yr | None | |
| West Virginia WV | 51% bar | 2 yr | 2 yr | 2 years from injury or discovery (W. Va. Code 55-2-12, with the discovery rule). No products statute of repose; claims arising from improvements to real property carry a 10-year repose (W. Va. Code 55-2-6a). | 10 yr | None | |
| Wisconsin WI | 51% bar | 6 yr | 3 yr | 3 years for personal injury (Wis. Stat. 893.54) and 6 years for non-auto property damage (893.52(1)); 15-year statute of repose from manufacture for product claims, unless the manufacturer specified a longer useful life (Wis. Stat. 895.047(5)). Claims arising from improvements to real property carry a 7-year repose from substantial completion after 2017 Wisconsin Act 235 shortened it from 10 years (Wis. Stat. 893.89). | 6 yr | 120 days | |
| Wyoming WY | 51% bar | 4 yr | 4 yr | 4 years under the general tort period (Wyo. Stat. 1-3-105(a)(iv)); Wyoming has no products statute of repose. Claims arising from improvements to real property carry a 10-year repose from substantial completion (Wyo. Stat. 1-3-111). | 10 yr | 730 days |
Showing 51 of 51. Limitation periods are general rules; discovery rules, tolling, repose and claim-specific statutes can change the controlling date. Open a state guide for citations.
FAQ
SOL & fault rule FAQ
It depends on the loss state. Across the jurisdictions in this database, property damage periods run from 2 to 10 years. The subrogating carrier generally stands in the insured's shoes, so the insured's limitation period controls.
5 jurisdictions apply pure contributory negligence: Alabama, District of Columbia, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia. Any fault attributed to the insured can bar the subrogated claim.
Under a 50% bar the insured recovers nothing at 50% or more fault. Under a 51% bar the insured can still recover at exactly 50% and is barred at 51% or more. In both, recovery is reduced by the insured's share of fault.
Claims against cities, counties, transit agencies and states often require written notice within 90 days to 6 months of the loss, long before the general statute of limitations. Missing the notice can bar the claim entirely.
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